How do investors mitigate "information asymmetry" in frontier market startups where financial reporting is non-transparent?

Frontier markets suffer from poor data quality—e.g., incomplete financials or unverifiable revenue claims . This makes valuing startups extremely risky. How do early-stage investors adapt? Do they use alternative data (e.g., utility bill payments to verify operational scale) or require weekly cash flow updates instead of quarterly reports? I seek due diligence playbooks tailored to low-transparency environments, including how to balance trust with verification and what discount rates investors apply to account for data uncertainty.